Mechanics of Animal Collective Behavior
From insect swarms to fish schools
From physics and biology to biomimetic robotics
“A whole greater than the sum of its parts”
Remarkable examples of collective behavior in nature


How do they accomplish this?
How can robots swarm organize like them?
Welcome!
We are the Kollective Organization Lab, aka KOLab, at the Mechanical Engineering Department at Tufts University near Boston, USA. We are very excited to have you here!!
On this website, you can find our current and past research projects and some other things we’ve done just for fun. I hope you will find them interesting!

KOLab‘s core research interest is the mechanics of collective behavior. We are fascinated by:
- How do collectives behaviors emerge from interactions among individuals? — Emergence.
- How do individuals interact with one other and the fluid environment? — Mechanical intelligence.
- How can robot swarms self-organize like natural collectives? — Swarm Robotics.
Specifically, our recent focus has been on the hydrodynamic interaction in fish schools and underwater robots, where we ask (and try to answer!) how underwater swimmers affect each other hydrodynamically and how flow sensory information can be be used for self-organization.
We use a combination of biomimetic robotics, animal experiments, and numerical simulations to reveal new insights. We build fish-like robots to recreate how fish interact with each other and self-organize in water; we work with biologist to film and track fish schools under different conditions; we make sense of our experimental results and provide further predictions using agent-based models and other numerical techniques.
Beyond our core research mission, KOLab has a very broad interest! We are always cooking some curiosity-driven projects in the background, using our diverse research skills. We have published on the physics of tossing wok and examined the effect of lane changing in highway traffic. We also care deeply about social justice, constantly educating ourselves and doing small but mighty things to change the world!
“It is in collectivities that we find
reservoirs of hope and optimism.”

Angela Davis
Freedom is a constant struggle
Recent News
August 2025
BlueGuppy is finally introduced to the world! This first paper describes its hydrodynamics and its ability to turn using its only actuator — a biomimetic tail!

July 2025
Hungtang’s paper tracking fish schools in 3D for ten hours is out in Scientific Reports! Excited to reveal a new formation, we call ladder formation, that has never been found before!

Feburary 2025
Hungtang just signed an offer with the Tufts University! Extremely excited to continue my research journey there. The Kollective Organization lab at Tufts will start in Jan. 2026.

August 2024
Had a lot of fun at Friday Harbor Lab! Hungtang spent a whole month at the field site learning everything about fish. I will miss all the friends there.

May 2024
It’s such an honor to win the “Exemplar Mentor Award” from Princeton University. Thank you, Brian!

January 2024
A very snowy winter at Princeton! A photo of all the grad students and postdocs at the Nagpal Lab

January 2024
Went to Seattle to attend SICB (Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology). It was the first time presenting BlueGuppy at a conference!

November 2023
Hungtang presented research updates on tracking 3D formations of fish schools at the national fluid conference DFD!

October 2023
Hungtang published a perspective at Royal Society Interface, one of his favorite interdisciplinary journals.

